Anne Robert Jacques Turgot; Turgot (French economist who in 1774 was put in control of finances by Louis XVI; his proposals for reforms that involved abolishing feudal privileges made him unpopular with the aristocracy and in 1776 he was dismissed (1727-1781))
John Mill; John Stuart Mill; Mill (English philosopher and economist remembered for his interpretations of empiricism and utilitarianism (1806-1873))
James Edward Meade; Meade (English economist noted for his studies of international trade and finance (born in 1907))
Beveridge; First Baron Beveridge; William Henry Beveridge (British economist (born in India) whose report on social insurance provided the basis for most of the social legislation on which the welfare state in the United Kingdom is based (1879-1963))
Friedman; Milton Friedman (United States economist noted as a proponent of monetarism and for his opposition to government intervention in the economy (born 1912))
Friedrich August von Hayek; Hayek (English economist (born in Austria) noted for work on the optimum allocation of resources (1899-1992))
Jevons; William Stanley Jevons (English economist and logician who contributed to the development of the theory of marginal utility (1835-1882))
John Maynard Keynes; Keynes (English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946))
Kuznets; Simon Kuznets (United States economist (born in Russia) who developed a method for using a country's gross national product to estimate its economic growth (1901-1985))
Arthur Laffer; Laffer (United States economist who proposed the Laffer curve (born in 1940))
Leontief; Wassily Leontief (United States economist (born in Russia) who devised an input-output method of economic analysis (1906-1999))
Malthus; Thomas Malthus; Thomas Robert Malthus (an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence (1766-1834))
Karl Marx; Marx (founder of modern communism; wrote the Communist Manifesto with Engels in 1848; wrote Das Kapital in 1867 (1818-1883))
"Cider on beer, never fear; beer upon cider, makes a bad rider." (English proverb)
"Grass grows on its roots" (Azerbaijani proverb)
"Thank who gives you and give who thanks you." (Arabic proverb)
"A good deed is worth gold." (Dutch proverb)
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